Energy Self-Sufficiency by State in the USA

 Energy Self-Sufficiency by State

Energy self-sufficiency is measured using data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) by comparing a state's total primary energy production to its total primary energy consumption across all sectors (electricity, heating, industrial, and transportation).

States with a production-to-consumption ratio above 100% generate an energy surplus (net exporters), while those below 100% experience an energy deficit and rely on interstate transmission, pipelines, or imports (net importers).

Net Exporters (Self-Sufficient States)

These states produce significantly more primary energy (coal, natural gas, crude oil, nuclear, and renewables) than they consume.

1. Wyoming: Exceeds 1,000% self-sufficiency; the nation's leading coal producer, alongside large natural gas and wind output.
2. West Virginia: Produces ~400–500% of its needs, largely driven by coal mining and Marcellus shale natural gas.
3. North Dakota: Produces ~400–500% of its needs, propelled by Bakken formation oil and natural gas production.
4. New Mexico: Produces ~350–400% of its consumption due to high crude oil production in the Permian Basin.
5. Pennsylvania: Produces ~250–300% of its needs, driven by heavy natural gas extraction and nuclear power exports.
6. Texas: Produces ~200–250% of its needs; the country's single largest total energy producer (oil, gas, and renewables) despite heavy industrial consumption.
7. Alaska: Produces ~200% of its needs, supported by North Slope crude oil extraction.
8. Oklahoma: Produces ~180–200% of its needs through natural gas, crude oil, and wind generation.
9. Iowa: Produces ~150–170% of its needs, largely via biofuels (ethanol/biodiesel) and extensive wind capacity.
10. Colorado: Produces ~140–160% of its needs from natural gas, crude oil, and growing renewable capacity.
11. Louisiana: Produces ~130–150% of its needs through natural gas and refining, though offset by massive industrial demand.
12. Utah: Produces ~120–140% of its needs via natural gas, coal, and solar energy.
13. Montana: Produces ~120–130% of its needs through coal, hydro, and wind generation.
14. Nebraska: Produces ~110–120% of its needs, supported by corn ethanol biofuel production and wind generation.
15. Alabama: Produces ~105–115% of its needs through nuclear, natural gas, hydro, and biomass.
16. Kansas: Produces ~100–115% of its needs, driven by heavy wind energy expansion and oil/gas production.
    

Balanced / Near Self-Sufficiency (80% – 99%)

These states produce a substantial portion of their energy locally but rely on periodic imports depending on seasonal demand and fuel type.

17. Arkansas: ~90–98% (Natural gas, nuclear, biomass)
18. South Dakota: ~85–95% (Biofuels, wind, hydro)
19. Washington: ~85–95% (Leading hydro producer, though imports oil for transport)
20. Illinois: ~80–90% (Largest nuclear generator nationwide, plus coal)
21. Kentucky: ~80–90% (Coal and natural gas)
    

Moderate Net Importers (40% – 79%)

These states maintain moderate local production—such as nuclear, solar, wind, or natural gas—but rely heavily on interstate pipelines or grids for petroleum and electricity.

22. Ohio: ~70–79% (Natural gas production offsets industrial demand)
23. Mississippi: ~65–75% (Natural gas generation and refining)
24. Indiana: ~60–70% (Coal production and renewables)
25. Minnesota: ~55–65% (Biofuels, wind, and nuclear)
26. Idaho: ~50–60% (Hydro and wind energy)
27. Oregon: ~50–60% (Hydro and wind power)
28. South Carolina: ~50–60% (Nuclear-heavy power generation)
29. Georgia: ~45–55% (Nuclear, natural gas, and biomass)
30. North Carolina: ~45–55% (Nuclear and growing solar fleet)
31. California: ~40–50% (Produces substantial solar/geothermal, but imports ~22% of electricity and most crude oil)
32. Arizona: ~40–50% (Palo Verde nuclear and solar generation)
33. Nevada: ~40–50% (Utility-scale solar and geothermal)
34. Missouri: ~40–50% (Nuclear and renewables offset high coal consumption)
    

High Energy Deficit States (Under 40%)

These states lack major fossil extraction capabilities or lack sufficient land for utility-scale generation relative to their population and industrial consumption. They depend heavily on out-of-state transmission networks and pipelines.

35. Michigan: ~30–39%
36. Tennessee: ~30–39%
37. Virginia: ~30–39%
38. Maine: ~25–35%
39. Florida: ~20–30% (Generates significant electricity locally via natural gas, but imports virtually all primary fuel sources)
40. Wisconsin: ~20–30%
41. New York: ~20–30%
42. Vermont: ~15–25%
43. New Hampshire: ~15–25%
44. Maryland: ~15–25%
45. New Jersey: ~15–25%
46. Connecticut: ~15–20%
47. Hawaiʻi: ~10–15% (Highest reliance on imported petroleum for grid power)
48. Massachusetts: ~10–15%
49. Delaware: ~5–10%
50. Rhode Island: ~5–10%